The Importance Of Teamwork In Business

?Teamwork is the gear to maintain the huge business machine to work, as it helps to improve business performance by providing benefits. It is said that tasks should be grouped in order to make people working toward a shared goal (Lau, 2013). Basically, putting people working together could allow the team members to put effort into the goal which they have in common; it is also capable to maximize the efficiency. Lau (2013) points out that â€Å"A tight feedback cycle is critical to achieve a productive state of flow.†What Lau (2013) suggests is in such circumstances, people who share work and the same project context are able to provide useful feedback to each other at first hand, and it works effectively to avoid the team going down the wrong path. However, teamwork can do more. Lau (2013) makes a statement that teamwork could bring down the risk when doing business decision, which is, a multi-sided view is available when making decisions.Lau (2013) argues that teamwork preve nts obscure and undocumented shortcuts taken by single individual, forcing team members to spread knowledge to cover as many details as they can. Furthermore, people would be able to sense responsibility when they are assigned as a team. Lau (2013) concludes that the motivation from your peer will boost each individual in the team walking forward, overcoming obstacles and getting in the best shape. In conclusion, teamwork allows people to work efficiently and make the idea of the group comprehensive; therefore it helps with business performance to go up. The Importance of Teamwork in Business Teamwork is the gear to maintain the huge business machine to work, as it helps to improve business performance by providing benefits. It is said that tasks should be grouped in order to make people working toward a shared goal (Lau, 2013). Basically, putting people working together could allow the team members to put effort into the goal which they have in common; it is also capable to maximize the efficiency. Lau (2013) points out that â€Å"A tight feedback cycle is critical to achieve a productive state of flow.†What Lau (2013) suggests is in such circumstances, people who share work and the same project context are able to provide useful feedback to each other at first hand, and it works effectively to avoid the team going down the wrong path. However, teamwork can do more. Lau (2013) makes a statement that teamwork could bring down the risk when doing business decision, which is, a multi-sided view is available when making decisions.Lau (2013) argues that teamwork preven ts obscure and undocumented shortcuts taken by single individual, forcing team members to spread knowledge to cover as many details as they can. Furthermore, people would be able to sense responsibility when they are assigned as a team. Lau (2013) concludes that the motivation from your peer will boost each individual in the team walking forward, overcoming obstacles and getting in the best shape. In conclusion, teamwork allows people to work efficiently and make the idea of the group comprehensive; therefore it helps with business performance to go up.

Ap World History Essay

Essay Comparison of the impact and spread of the Islam and Christian religions include religious basics, the way the religions were spread, and where the religions started. To compare the Islam and Christian religions, we must know the religious basics. The Islamic religious basics include their most sacred text, the Koran, and the five pillars of faith. Basics also include the founder, who is the prophet Muhammad. You must not eat pork or drink alcohol in this religion, and must make a pilgrimage to Mecca, an important city, if you are Islamic.The god of the Islamic faith is Allah. The basics of Christianity include the founder, Jesus Christ. The god of the Christian faith is consisted of three; Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. The most sacred text for Christians is The Bible. Christianity beliefs include that you sin, and must redeem salvation through faith in Jesus. Bible study is also something that is encouraged to be done in the Christian faith. Islamic and Christian religions als o have similarities. Both support the idea of worship and prayer to their god (both are monotheistic).They both also believe in the idea of Heaven and Hell. Another similarity is that both religions were founded in the Middle East and were spread by missionaries. These similarities and differences between the religious basics of the Islamic and Christian faith affected the impact and spread of the religions. The start of both religions started in a time when other religions were popular. This affected how it spread. People (missionaries) had to go out and spread the religion so that people would convert and the religion would stay alive.This caused cultural diffusion, so there are many different types (versions) of each religion. The Islamic and Christian religions both started in the Middle East (Jerusalem), which is why it had to be spread. Much of the population at that time was in other parts of the world. Also, some regions of the world already had a major or popular religion, so they had to spread the religions to areas that did not have a major religion. Islam and Christianity impacted the people of the world and the world itself. It gave people a faith and something to believe in.Also, they caused many disagreements between cultural groups. These religions have impacted the world by still affecting people today. Wars, hatred, and acceptance are happening in the current day because of the religions that started so long ago. In conclusion, the Islamic and Christian religions have many similarities and differences. These similarities and differences help us compare, contrast and analyze the religions accurately. Also, the similarities and differences affect how and where the religion is spread and the impact on the people and the world.

Credit Bureau Essay

Consumer Law| The Credit Bureau | Consumer Agency Report| 4/8/2013 | Introduction Credit reporting companies serve as a ball of information about the consumer use of credit as reported by those by which the consumers borrow credit. Lenders gather and use this information to counterpart any data they have already obtained directly about the borrower’s creditworthiness to aid in their lending making decisions. Lenders have the incitement to report their experiences with the borrowers for the gain of other creditor’s data.The essential of credit data are represented by the consumers representation based on his or hers borrowing behaviors of repayment over time. Today, the regulation has led to a high automated worldwide firm that collect detailed oriented, complete information and conform with a range of polices that’s in the best interest of the consumer. Credit reporting companies give businesses intuition into a consumer’s past behaviors, similar to the pr ospective an employer may use a candidate’s college transcript. These intuitions may be used to make decisions about his or her stability as well as the willingness to repay debt.Without this information borrowers would more than likely have to provide other information about themselves when applying for any type sought after credit. History Credit- reporting agencies emerged first in the United States due to the countries strong commercial orientation was highly conducive to institutional experimentation. Credit bureaus were known in some countries from the early 1860s, due to the industry experiencing a rapid growth only after World War I. There origination was purposed to facilitate the exchange of credit information among merchants.The recommenders usually local or suppliers with whom an individual has previously done business with. The small amount of credit that was granted was solely based on the merchants personal knowledge of the customer, a change came about once th e credit bureaus came into full swing. The earliest known credit bureaus maintained a list of customers who were considered by the merchants to be a risk. The U. S. population became more mobile and the credit bureaus began to expand to server a wider range of the population of dispersed merchants after World War I.A void that once needed validated was now filled by the merchants being provided with the information that could be used to make decisions on whether to grant the consumer with credit or not. Before the development of speedy computers and data processing readiness that had the capability of processing a variety of credit information, merchants that granted credit only had the capability of relying on investigations of the individual, public information, employment records, newspapers, and information from landlords about the consumer. Credit Bureaus TodayThere are currently three major credit bureaus in the United States are affiliated with the Associated Credit Bureaus, Inc. Founded in 1906, the international trade association provides its members with fraud prevention, credit and mortgage reports, risk management services, collection services, employment screening and verification services. The Associated Credit Bureaus, Inc. represents the consumer credit reporting information industry before state and federal legislators. Also, it represents the industry in the main stream media as far as consumer credit reporting issues.There are over 500 member of the American credit reporting agencies, collection services, employment reporting, mortgage and tenant screening services. There are over one billion credit cards that are being used daily in the United States which gives the consumer credit bureaus the importance as well as growth today. Similarity the number of consumer credit reports are issued every year with in the United States. Over two billion pieces of data are entered on the monthly basis into credit records. There are 190 illion credit fil es maintained by the three major reported credit bureaus which are Trans Union, Experian, and Equifax in the United States. In an article called Collections and Credit Risk, written by Sidney Hill, Jr. , consumers will soon get a chance to see their credit scores and learn how they really rank with lenders. The credit scores lenders use to make decisions about loans credit cards will be made available on the Web, also included the information about how they come up with the scores as well how the scores can be improved.The State and Federal legislation protects the privacy of personal data while granting consumers access to their own credit information which forced the change. Credit card companies rely heavily on â€Å"risk based† credit scoring to aid in determining the credit worthiness of a consumer, this information was not privet to the consumer applying for credit. The scores were designed to see how person would repay their debt as well as being very valuable in the d etermination of and individual being granted credit.It wasn’t until the end of 2000 that the three major credit agencies made the information known via the internet. The Three Major Credit Bureaus Trans Union founded in 1968 as the holding company of Union Tank Car which was a rail transportation equipment company. They joined the credit aspect in 1969 when they began to acquiring major city and regional credit bureaus. They offer portfolio and risk management as well as a primary source of credit information. They operation is nationwide through a host of offices and independent credit bureaus.They are a server of many industries that on the regular evaluate credit risk as well as verify information about their customer base which include hospitals, communication and energy companies, collection agencies, retailers, financial and banking services and insurance companies. Equifax founded in 1899 was a Retail Credit Company they had offices through the North America by the 192 0’s. By 1960 they had credit files for millions of Americans. They serve the credit card, retail, financial services, transportation, utilities, health care industries and the government.The global aspect of operations includes commercial credit information services, payment services, software, consumer credit, and consulting services. They provide the systems that aid granting credit, check transactions, predict consumer credit, manage risk, payment services and process credit cards. The countries serviced by Equifax the United States, Brazil, El Salvador, Canada, Chile, Argentina, the United Kingdom, Portugal, and Spain. Experian founded in England in 1980 as CCN systems.They expanded to the United States in 1996 by acquiring a company named TRW Information Services. Their purpose is to use its power of information to help its clients is to target forthcoming customers, management and maintain existing customer’s relationships and have the eye for profitable growth o pportunities. They have the capability of allowing their customers to conduct secure and profitable e-business through its web based products and services. Their employees support clients in over 50 countries. ResolutionEvery day credit bureaus receive calls from disgruntled consumers about mistakes on their credit reports, they file complaints against credit card companies, and disputes as well as to requesting their credit scores. The customer service representative takes the information from the consumer for example a dispute of incorrect information on their credit report and investigates the mistake which takes about 30 days to get the information. Once the information comes back either true or negative then you receive a letter in the mail as to the decision.Conclusion The consumer credit file has become one of the most important documents used in the decision making as to whether a consumer gets credit or not. As consumers come into the understanding of the influence of their credit reports their interest will be in the monitoring of the data reported by the credit bureaus. The credit bureaus are not always on the same page as far as consumer information meaning that the bureaus may have some information in their files that the other bureaus may not have but is in the best interest of the consumer.Bibliography Wise Geek. Conjecture, n. d. Web. 08 Mar. 2013 â€Å"Best Bank Rates | Compare the Best Interest Rates Today. † GoBankingRates. com. N. p. , n. d. Web. 08 Mar. 2013. WiseGeek. Conjecture, n. d. Web. 08 Mar. 2013. N. p. , n. d. Web. 8 Mar. 2013. . Hill, Sidney, Jr. â€Å"Collections and Credit Risk. † (n. d. ): n. pag. Print.

Thesis Proposal Social Media Marketing Plan for Loop

Social Media Marketing Plan for Loop - Thesis Proposal Example thesis proposal for e-marketing plan about Loop, World’s first mobile wallet that links cards, and provides competitive analysis and feasibility study about its e-marketing targets. Situation analysis is one of the most essential components of en e-marketing plan. It provides a comprehensive overview of a company’s current situation related to marketing activities and it can help the firm identify and focus on the key variables in terms of revenues, profitability, competition and performance (Smith and Taylor, 2004). Internal and external environmental analysis with help of tools such as SWOT will be used for conducting environmental scanning of Loop’s e-marketing activities. Loop, a recent project developed by Will Graylin and George Wallner, will be an amazing experience for all customers worldwide as they can store and organize all their cards on their Smartphone to be used in retail and other major outlets. Loop is going to pioneer linking of cards to Smartphone for customers’ shopping purposes. Using e-marketing strategies for promoting it worldwide will certainly open greater opportunities of wider marketing. The SWOT and environmental analysis of Loop will focus strengths and opportunities including focus on value creation, customer relationship, wider opportunity of global market, innovation and R&D advantages, growing trends of using cards in stores and people’s perception about safety and security of cards etc. The analysis will also focus on weaknesses and threats such as shopper’s acceptance of linking with Loop, storage and transmission capacities in Smartphone, alliance with mobile Smartphone companies, hacking and spy-ware etc. The main reason why e-marketing continues to create newer opportunities for marketing success is because it transforms marketing strategies to create more customer value through effective segmentation, targeting and positioning and creates exchanges that satisfy consumers’ requirements (Gay, Charlesworth and

Media Censorship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Media Censorship - Essay Example As the research stresses media professionals do extend their freedom of speech and communication by over reacting to specific situations in their respective fields. Recently, media has really led to brainwashing of young children. This is seen through programs on televisions and on some social sites on the internet. The effects are devastating, as in some cases, these have led to the overspread of diseases due to engaging in premarital sex, which is highly appreciated in movies and even TV programs. The rate at which the media fraternity creates controversy in situations is alarming. This has led to either to mass hysteria or calmness in times of calamity. These reasons have led most national governments censor some media classes from conveying what it feels but rather conform to some set regulations. It is necessary though in some areas, these controls have gone beyond the extent of reason. According to the paper findings Media Censorship is a topic that generates a vigorous discussion in the global platform. Many are the times media have censored some information, to some the act may be considered unreasonable while to others the act maybe considered necessary. Censorship can be defined as the suppression of words, images or ideas that are offensive. There are different types of media censorship, one is the age for viewing different programs or channels and the second is banning of some topics or words. The opponent find it as a subtle idea the proponent use to impose their moral value, ideas, beliefs and personal opinion on others.

The use of offshore outsourcing for information system project has a Assignment

The use of offshore outsourcing for information system project has a number of associated issues which may impact on the success - Assignment Example Apart from these aspects, there are also certain other factors that have direct impact or directly led to success or failure of projects related to outsourcing. Hence, a comprehensive understanding regarding offshore outsourcing having its impact on the success or the failure of the projects has been illustrated in the paper. Keywords: Offshore Outsourcing, Information Technology, Vendor Management, Business activities, Outsource Partner, Information System. 1. Introduction In the modern day business scenario, where the competition level has become immense among the companies, there is always a need to align business with advanced technological advancements up to the optimum level. This aspect ensures that the organisations could be able to attain superior competitive position as compared to their major competitors in the global market. Among the various approaches companies adopt in modern day business, the aspect of offshore outsourcing can be considered as the most vital one (Beul en & et. al., 2010). 1.1. Background Offshore outsourcing is regarded as the process or the practice of appointing an external organization in order to execute certain fundamental functions of business. In simple terms, it can be explained as a particular approach that the companies undertake wherein they hire people or agencies from other countries to perform certain activities of their respective business. This type of approach cost companies quite less which further impose favourable impact on their business profitability. Apart from the aspect of cost and profitability, this sort of approach is also implemented by business units for executing certain activities that they are not equipped or capable of conducting those actions effectively. It can be viewed that customer call centres are the most common form of offshore outsourcing. In today’s business context, companies spend substantial amounts in outsourcing a few of the core activities of business (Herath & Kishore, 200 9; Sparrow, 2005). Hence, the significance of offshore outsourcing can be depicted from this aspect. 1.2. Aim The principle aim of the paper will be to define and discuss the main issues associated with offshore outsourcing in information system. The paper will also provide a brief discussion regarding the effectiveness as along with the challenges associated with offshore outsourcing. Furthermore, considering all these aspects, a conclusion will be drawn which would depict success or failure of offshore outsourcing in modern day business context. 2. Main Issues in Offshore Outsourcing It is quite apparent that offshore outsourcing is one of the most widely implemented approaches by companies in the modern day business context. However, there are certain issues and challenges associated with offshore outsourcing that places itself to be vital with regard to information systems. These issues are deemed to have impacts on the overall performance of the organizations in one way or the other in their operational activities. Though technologies have become quite advanced, certain risks associated with them principally became a major point of attention for businesses all over (Baldia, n.d.). A few of the key issues associated

Skin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Skin - Essay Example The main cause of psoriasis is not well understood, however, several scholars believe that psoriasis is caused by defects in the immune system, enzymes as well as other factors that regulate skin cell division. One of the processes involves abnormalities in the immune response that leads to inflammation and increased production of immature skin cells. Genes have been associated to have a significant role in the development of psoriasis, in that research has shown that a group of genes called PSORS 1-8 have been involved in psoriasis. Psoriasis commonly manifests on the skin of the elbow, scalp, and intergluteal clefts among other places (Lowes, Bowcock, & Krueger, 2007). As stated earlier, the pathogenesis of psoriasis is not well understood, however, T cells, that appear to be capable of inducing keratinocytes proliferation has been linked to causing psoriasis. This has been supported by several histological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the psoriatic plaques, which have revealed large population of T cells in the lesions. A study has shown that a patient with 20% body surface area affected by psoriasis has a proximately eight billion blood circulating T cells. The increased T cells lead to deregulated inflammatory process with extensive production of various cytokines like tumor necrosis factor- ÃŽ ±, interferon-gamma and interleukin 12. Several clinical features (raised reddish patches, itchiness and small red spots) of psoriasis are explained by the immense production of these chemical mediators. The key findings in the affected part of the skin include vascular engorgement due to dilatation of the superficial blood vessels as well as altered epidermal cell cycle (Coimbra et al., 2012). A microscopic examination of the skin tissue taken from the affected patches is required to make a definite diagnosis of psoriasis from other

American security culture in history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

American security culture in history - Essay Example Terrorism activities have been among the most life claiming catastrophes in this century. In America alone which is the world’s super power, terrorism has had an adverse effect especially after the 9/11 attacks and American citizens learnt how easy their security systems could have been bleached by the ruthless terrorist attackers. The constitution of the homeland security in 2002 was the most brilliant security measure that the United States governments could have come up with at that time in order to avert future catastrophic attacks in America. However, as the American government is exploring all available channels to stop future attacks, the terrorists are also working to ensure they exploit various weaknesses in the system and render to such attacks happening again. The task seeks to dig out several issues such as the reality of the terrorist attacks, ability to mitigate them to prevent reoccurrence and the effects on the citizens and security systems in place if they did occur. America having experienced a traumatizing encounter with terrorism, there is still suspicion and fear that other attacks can hit the American people by surprise. The fact that currently terrorists may gain access to weapons of mass destruction such as nuclear weapons, poisonous gasses, germ dispensers, and computer viruses should be a cause for alarm to security agencies in America. One of the cited loopholes that security critics feel could be exploited by aggressors is in the coordination of The Department of Homeland Security (DHS).The DHS having 22 existing agencies that report to numerous congressional committees and the nagging engagement of U.S public by the security personnel may be seen as a way of intruding their privacy. In a different context that could be seen as a success by the Homeland security but it may be a venue to be exploited by the terrorists is the fact that there has been no attack for almost 13 years

The Importance of Learning Language Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Importance of Learning Language - Essay Example For tourists and travelers, skill in the language helps to communicate and learn new things about the countries. Indeed, when I had come from Somalia at the age of six years, I had no knowledge of the English language. The supplementary classes in English had greatly helped me to acclimatize and become comfortable in the new environment. Its proficiency not only helped me to become part of mainstream society but also facilitated in an acquisition of academic and professional qualifications.My professional degree in Pharmaceutical Science was made possible only because of my expertise in the English language. I want to teach English to foreign travelers and students. Though constructively employed in the healthcare industry since 2007, I feel the need to share my experience and make communication easier for people whose mother tongue is not English. CELTA or Certificate in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Language is initial teaching qualification for people with little or no prior teaching experience.I have been volunteering at the community center where I help ESOL teacher with her class. I really enjoy helping her in teaching adults.It has revealed my natural talent for teaching as I am easily able to connect with people from diverse background. As a certified CELTA teacher, I would be able to help more people, especially travelers and foreign tourists, to overcome their language barrier and enjoy different culture with better understanding. I, therefore, believe that CELTA would help me to achieve my broader goals and objectives of life.

Causes and effects of obesity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Causes and effects of obesity - Essay Example The modern life has become so mechanical that people find it hard to find time for cooking at home. Although the standard of living has improved in general, yet many people have to spend most of their day at the workplace in order to make both ends meet. In such a hectic routine, purchasing ingredients from the market and cooking food at home is not only a time consuming activity, but also proves far more expensive than a burger with coke and French fries at a nearby restaurant. Therefore, most of the working people opt for fast food. Fast food owners sell their business on the theme of upsizing. People do not realize but the fast food adds kilos of fat under their skin in no time. In addition to consuming junk food, people’s lack of tendency to exercise and work out regularly also makes them gain weight. Most people do not have a habit of going on a walk or doing exercise because it feels just too boring and tiresome to adopt as a habit. Whenever people find some time in the busy routine, an obvious choice is to watch a new movie or enjoy ice-cream at the nearest parlor. People eat not because they are feeling hungry. Instead, they eat because they want to kill the time in an enjoyable manner. Also, in the contemporary age, eating junk food has become more of a fashion than a hobby.

Macroeconomic theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Macroeconomic theory - Essay Example One consistent theme that emerges from current research is that the growth of real income and the overall macroeconomic stability - both internal and external - are mutually interdependent and both form an integral part of an adequate, consistently sustained process of economic development. The simple policy rules that follow are: This paper will attempt to address the second question, i.e. what distinguishes the countries that followed the optimal policy mix and hence succeeded from those which did not. Perhaps it is useful at this juncture to refer to the experience of the successful countries of Asia. Clearly the vast majority of developing economies have failed to lift their economic growth and living standard compared with a small group of Asian economies which excelled. In little over two decades the dynamic Asian economies were able to catch up their former colonial masters while others stagnated. Two distinguishing economic features of these successful economies stand out: The neo-classical economists... Two distinguishing economic features of these successful economies stand out: * openness or "neutral" trade regime; and * active government intervention. The neo-classical economists (e.g. Balassa, 1968; Bhagwati, 1978; Krueger, 1978; Little, 1979) emphasize the role of openness. On the other hand, there is a body of literature (e.g. Amsden, 1989; Lee, 1992; Sach, 1987; Wade, 1990) which emphasizes the role active government intervention played in achieving late industrialization. While both have some elements of truth, over-emphasis of one or the other misses important issues. For example, the neo-classical economists are at unease with the co-existence of high import protection with export orientation, and active government non-price interventions with market-oriented policies in some of these economies. On the other hand, the "statists" explanation of why in these economies state interventions did not go fatally wrong as in other developing countries depends crucially on the state being "strong". More fundamentally, though, they cannot explain how a "strong" state emerges, and why some strong dictators (e.g. Marcos or Idi Amin) did not maintain macroeconomic stability and wrecked their economies. One important shortcoming of both explanations is an inadequate focus on institutions. None of these approaches takes into account the formal and informal constraints and rigidities in which policy making occurs. This chapter reflects on institutional frameworks that are likely to induce optimal macroeconomic policy response by the government. Institutions and organizations Nobel Laureate economist, Douglas North (1990, p. 4) defines institutions as "any form of

To Kill a Mockingbird Evil Triumphs When Good Men Do Nothing Essay Example for Free

To Kill a Mockingbird Evil Triumphs When Good Men Do Nothing Essay In many battles between good and evil, the victory doesn’t always go to the side that has the biggest numbers. There are multiple examples in the Bible and in history where the side that was fighting for God’s way would win even though the odds were stacked against them. Many times the only reason evil wins is because good men are not willing to stand up and fight for what is right because when good men do nothing, nothing good gets done. Like if a person is in a jury of the court, and they don’t speak up. The convict goes free, and now out to commit more crimes. Or if a person is running away from something with another person, the other one falls and they don’t go back and get him/her and leave him/her behind, and something bad happens to the other person,(i. e. Death. Broken arm, leg, etc ) If a person is part of the defense of the court, and they don’t speak up, the convict goes free, and now out to commit more crimes, I could not think of any examples from the book besides if Tom got convicted not guilty and he went and raped another girl, but since Mayella was not really raped, but instead beaten by her father, so that was not true. So instead of a book example, since I could not think of one, I thought of a real life example. I thought of the Casey Anthony trial. Since no one spoke up about the crime. She was convicted not guilty. Someone had to have known something, either to prove her innocence or to prove her guilty. Or it could be k=like this, no one spoke up to prove tom’s innocence so evil triumphed and won by convicting tom If a person is running away from something with another person, the other one falls and they don’t go back and get him/her and leave him/her behind, and something bad happens to the other person. For this I thought of two examples, when Jem and scout are going through the Radley’s fence and Jem’s pants get hung on the fence. Luckily nothing too bad happened, as the pants were returned. Something could have gone wrong and Jem would have been severely hurt. The other example that I thought of was toward the end of the book when Jem and Scout are walking home from the play and Jem gets attacked by Mr. Ewell. Since scout falls and cannot get up (Life Alert!). Jem is attacked and thrown on the ground in result, breaking his arm. In conclusion, There are multiple examples in history where the side that was fighting for the right way would win even though the odds were stacked against them. Many times the only reason evil wins is because good men are not willing to stand up and fight for what is right because when good men do nothing, nothing good gets done -Robert Tucker.

Trends in Psychology and Psychologists

Trends in Psychology and Psychologists There are some cases where people think that the best way to deal with their mental issues is to keep it within themselves. However, that is not the best solution for all cases. It is a fact that bottling up your emotions could increase the risk of getting a heart disease or some forms of cancer and have serious negative effects oh your health (Chapman, Fiscella, Kawachi, Duberstein, Muennig, 2013). For everyones mental and physical health, people should take their feelings and emotions out through talking to someone or seeking help. This is where Psychologists are needed. Psychologists conduct research, experiment about the human mind and behavior, and provide counseling to promote the well-being of people and improve mental health. Psychologists are essential because we are complex beings, no other animal brain is capable of functioning with high consciousness as we do, and its not easy to understand and express ourselves. The study and practice that they do help people become mor e aware of their mind and conscious for mental prosperity. Psychology occupation is relatively large in size because there are many fields in psychology that people can specialize and work in. The employment of psychologists was 21,600, and the total employees were 10,700 in 2014 with the average retirement age being 63. Clinical psychology is one of the most popular specialty areas. They are in charge of evaluating and treating mental illnesses and work in hospital or health center to assess conditions of individuals or families. Another popular area in this occupation is experimental psychology. Psychologists in this field area are interested in conducting research about the behavior of humans and animals. Other areas include forensic psychology, developmental psychology, industrial psychology, and so on. Psychologist choosing to work in private practice is continuing to increase over time. In 2010, the percentage of the psychologist who stated that private practice is their primary job was 41%, which is a dramatic increase from 1960, when the percentage was just 17% (Norcross Karpiak, 2012). This career is part of a larger group called Social and community service professionals (NOC 415). According to the labor force survey (2015), in Canada, union rate for this group is 52% Psychologists are responsible for advocating mental well-being by working directly with their patients or clients and treating people with mental or emotional disorders. Considering this, it is understandable that effective education and training is important for people who want to work in this career. The requirement and license process vary from province to province. Some provinces require PhDs for a license to work independently while in others a masters degree is sufficient. Due to the many different areas psychologist works in, their earnings are wide in variation. The average starting salaries for psychologists range from about $35,000, particularly for those who are self-employed and just starting out, to more than $120,000 a year. The typical working hours for this occupation depends on their job and the level of responsibility. Some have about 40-hours, and others have more than 50 to 60-hours a week. Psychologists have a high level of stress because treating patients can be extremely rewarding but also emotionally draining. They have heavy workloads and tight schedules. They sometimes have to deal with violent and uncomfortable behaviors. However, no matter how much years psychologists spend to satisfy the requirements and how much stress they get from treating patients, job satisfaction has remained constantly high across the 50 years. No less than 85% of psychologists do not regret going through the process and hardships because of their satisfaction in the career (Norcross Karpiak, 2012). Psychologists could have their jobs for life, but the periods of government cutbacks in the past has made it harder for psychologists to secure the job. However, they can still count on having their job for at least 5 to 8 years. This occupational group is predicted to encounter a shortage of workers in the future because of the substantially higher number of job openings available compared to the recent years. According to Canadian Occupational Projection System (COPS), new job openings for psychologists are expected to total 10,00 while only 8,800 new job seekers are expected to fill them over the period 2015-2024. The Canadian Federation of Independent Business (CFIB) has asked 649 company owners how the labor shortage affected the business. More than 50 percent of owners has said that themselves are working more hours and that they were receiving lower quality applicants. 45% of owners has also stated that they had to raise labor costs. Looking at the job predictions of psycholog ists, we can expect that the worker shortage may have a serious negative impact on businesses. Many trends in society have affected jobs in the field of psychology. This fields expected growth is about 12 percent over the next ten years. One of the reasons why the predicted job growth is relatively high might be because future impact of mental illness on Canadians is expected to increase by 31% over the next 30 years, resulting in more than 8.9 million people living with a mental illness (Smetanin, Stiff, Briante, Adair, Ahmad, Khan, 2011). Anxiety, depression and other mental disorders growth can be explained by the continuous development of technology. 95% of teens are continuously using the internet. Smartphone ownership in teens ages 12-17 is continuously growing, from 23% to 37% from 2011 to 2013 (Madden, Lenhart, Duggan, Cortesi, Gasser, 2013). It is proven that social media sites make people compare their life with others. People suffer from increased anxiety because of their failure to meet the expectations and demands that are forced on mood them (Lidbetter, 2012). In Salford Business School at the University of Salford, 298 people were surveyed for the charity Anxiety UK and it was found out that 53% of people think social media changed their behavior; 51% of the people said that it was negative behavior because of their confidence declining due to comparisons to others. This would mean that many teenagers would experience an increase in anxiety and depression leading to needing more support and treatment to overcome the emotional issue. Increased use of social media also affects teenagers drug usage. A study by National Survey of American Attitudes on Substance Abuse XVI: Teens and Parents, the 16th annual back-to-school conducted by CASAColumbia at Columbia University (CASAColumbiaTM) showed that teenager from 12-17 who use social media on a daily basis are five times more likely to use tobacco, three times more likely to use alcohol, and twice as likely to use marijuana. In addition, 40% admitted they had been exposed to pictures of people under the influence via social media, suggesting a correlation between the two factors. The most addictive substance, tobacco, causes premature mortality in Canada. It is responsible for almost 17% of all deaths (Whiteford, 2013). The serious negative impact caused by addiction to drug and alcohol increases the need for psychologists for a treatment of the addiction. Another reason why the field is expected to grow may be because the stigma surrounding mental health declined (Bell Canada, 2015). In a survey done by National Harris/Decima in 2015, it was found out that 57% of people believed that the stigma surrounding mental illness reduced compared to 5 years ago. Also, 81% has admitted that they were more aware of issues involving mental health than they were five years ago. Lastly, 70 % has said that they believe peoples belief and thought regarding mental illness has changed to a positive attitude. Thanks to this, many people with emotional and mental issues are becoming more comfortable in speaking up about their problem with their family and friends thus resulting to more people seeking help. This is important because the stigma is one of the main reason why people with mental illness do not seek help. Through removing the stigma regarding mental illness, people would be able to speak openly without fear of getting judged. With more people asking for help, the need for psychologists would continue to increase. Not only did the development in technology affect the field of psychology to grow, but it also improved and changed how the psychologists treat patients. Though out the history, treatment has been carried out with the patient and the psychologists in the same room. However, technology has developed to the point that this can be achieved without actually being together at one place. Telehealth, which is about using technology such as video calling to virtually have a conference and deliver treatment services to the clients, is continuously growing in usage among psychologists (Nickelson, Magallettaa, Ax, 1998). Online therapy is similar in concept. It is about performing therapy through real-time type communication between the psychologist and the patient. Although there is a clear benefit, it makes it easier for people to get therapy without transportation, it also raises a lot of questions on the ethical and practical issues, such as, the effect of therapy when the patient is on a video monitor and not in the room or the problem of security when virtually communicating with the patient. Other issues involve the hardship in understanding the client accurately and forming a relationship through communication in a text. There is no definite answer to these problems, and the issue is still being reviewed by psychologists. I believe that for a person to become a psychologist, one should be able to come up with new and better solutions, suggestions, and techniques to improve clients well-being and ask insightful questions to help different clients in need. I feel that Bibliography Bell Canada (2015). Bell Lets Talk: The first 5 years (2010-2015). Retrieved from http://letstalk.bell.ca/letstalkprogressreport Campbell, L. F., Freedheim, D. K., Norcross, J. C., VandenBos, G. R. (2016). APA handbook of clinical psychology (1 st ed., Vol 5. ). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Government of Canada. (2015). Psychology. Retrieved from http://www.publichealth.gc.ca Jessica L. Kohout and William E. Pate, Employment and trends in psychology, pp. 343-361, Springer New York, New York, NY, 2013 Madden, M., Lenhart, A., Duggan, M., Cortesi, S., Gasser, U., (2013) Teens and technology, 2013.: Pew Research Center, Washington, D.C. Retrieved from http://www.pewinternet.org/2013/03/13/teens-and-technology-2013/ Morgan, R. D., Kuther, T. L., Habben, C. J. (Eds.). (2012). Life After Graduate School in Psychology : Insiders Advice from New Psychologists (1). Hove, US: Psychology Press. Retrieved from http://www.ebrary.com Psychologist. (n.d.). Career Cruising. Retrieved January 21, 2017, from http://www.careercruising.com Smetanin, P., Stiff, D., Briante, C., Adair, C.E., Ahmad, S. and Khan, M. The Life and Economic Impact of Major Mental Illnesses in Canada: 2011 to 2041. RiskAnalytica, on behalf of the Mental Health Commission of Canada 2011. The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse. (2011). National survey of american attitudes on substance abuse xvi: teens and parents. Retrieved from http://www.centeronaddiction.org/addiction-research/reports/national-survey-american-attitudes-substance-abuse-teens-parents-2011 Whiteford et al. (2013). Global burden of disease attributable to mental and substance use disorders: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet, 382: 1575-86. Chapman, B.P.; Fiscella, K.; Kawachi, I.; Duberstein, P.; Muennig, P. Emotion suppression and mortality risk over a 12-year follow-up. J. Psychosom. Res. 2013, 75, 381-385.

The Effect Of Temperature On Permeable Membranes Biology Essay

The Effect Of Temperature On Permeable Membranes Biology Essay The aim of this experiment was to determine what effect an increase in the surrounding temperature has on the selectively permeable membranes of plant cells, e.g., red cabbage (Lane, 2010a). The cell membrane is the fluid-mosaic model. The proteins are embedded in the cell membrane. The lipid exists as a phospholipid bilayer form. The hydrophobic which mean water hating portions of the lipid molecule face the inside while the hydrophilic which mean water loving parts face either the cytoplasm or extracellular aqueous environment. The protein molecules are of two types in the membrane. Internal proteins are embedded in the phospholipid bilayer which enhance the membranes shape, providing passageways for the movement of substances through the membrane while the peripheral proteins are attach to the surface of membrane and are easier to extract (Losos, Manson and Singer, 2008) The purpose of a cell membrane is to controls what enters and exits the cell. It acts as a selective barrier between the internal and external fluid that means the cell membrane to be selectively permeable. This process supplies the cell with useful material and removes waste products. Normally, this is done by active or passive transportation. The passive transportation allows substances to move from high concentration to low concentration without energy required. The active transportation carries substances such as ions and glucose from low concentration to the high concentration, requiring energy and a carrier to support (Losos, Manson and Singer, 2008). Figure 2 (Adapted from Garland, 2004) shows the process of transportation through the cell membrane Figure 2: Transportation through the Membrane (Adapted from Garland, 2004) Certain conditions can damage the cell membrane. For instance, high temperature leads to violent collisions that can destroy a membrane. There is a hypothesis that an increase in temperature denatures the membrane and causes the substances within the membrane to leak out (Answers, 2010). The high temperature can make the cell membrane more permeable and allow it to be more prone to leakage. Red cabbages are used as a model to investigate how the temperature affects the selectively permeable membranes. Red cabbages contain a large mount of a water-soluble red pigment called anthocyanin, which is located in the vacuole and unable to pass through the tonoplast membrane. If these cells are affected by changes in temperature, the integrity of the cell membrane becomes damaged. As a result, anthocyanin which as antioxiants and protects cell from oxidative damage can leak out of the cells and into the surrounding water. The extent of damage to the cell membrane is directly associated to the intensity of red color and it would appear in the water surrounding the red cabbage (Manhattan, 2009). Method Apparatus 7 test tubes Test tube rack Cork borer Scalpel Tile Small beaker Mounted needle Large beaker Thermometer Burner (Lane, 2010b) Firstly, a leaf of red cabbage tissues was cut into 42 discs of the same size (approximately 1mm wide) by a cork borer. 42 red cabbage discs were placed in a small beaker and were washed. 7 test tubes were labelled 30à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™, 40à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™, 50à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™, 60à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™, 70à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™, 80à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™ and 100à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™. The first two test tubes which labelled 30à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™, 40à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™ and approximately 6 cm3 cold water was added using a measuring cylinder. The remaining test tubes had 6 cm3 cold water added to each. Meanwhile, a water bath was prepared using a large beaker, tripod and gauze. The 7 test tubes with 6 cm3 water were heated in the water bath. A thermometer was placed into each test tube to measure the temperature. 6 red cabbage discs were impaled on a mounted needle with space between each disc. When the water inside the test tube labelled 30à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™ reached 30à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™ temperature, the burner was removed a nd 6 discs on the needle was placed in the test tube for exactly 1 min then the test tube was removed from the water bath. The disks were left in this tube. When the water inside the test tube labelled 40à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™ reached 40à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™ temperature, the above procedure was repeated. The test tube labelled 50à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™ reached the temperature. All the procedures were restarted according to the guide. To all the test tubes were added 6 cm3 cold water and a water bath was prepared using a large beaker, tripod. When the water was heated gently to 30à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™, the burner was removed and the 6 red cabbage discs on an impaled needle were placed in the water bath for exactly 1 minute. The discs was pushed off and dropped into the test tube labelled 30à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™. The procedure was repeated for the other tubes. From 40 °to 90 °C, all the procedures in own water bath. For 100à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™ the discs, needle were placed in others water bath with the temperature at 100à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™ for 1 minute, then the discs were pushed off and dropped into the test tube labelled 100à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™. The discs in the test tube s were left for 20 minutes and then the tubes were shaken and compared. Result Temperature /à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™ Observation 30 The 6 red cabbage discs were still purple and unchanged the water was still colourless. 40 The colours of the 6 red cabbage discs were remained and unchanged purple and the water was still clear. 50 The colours of 6 red cabbage discs were a little faded and the water became a little purple. 60 The colours of 6 red cabbage discs were faded lighter purple more than 50à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™ and the colour of water changed from colourless into light purple. 70 The colours of 6 red cabbage discs were faded more than 60à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™ and the colour of water changed from transparent into a light blue. 80 The colours of 6 red cabbage discs were very faded than 70à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™ and the colour of water changed from transparent into a light green. 100 The colours of 6 red cabbage discs changed from purple into white and the colour of water was strongly changed from transparent into green. Table 1: Heating the Red Cabbage Discs Discussion Table 1 shows clearly that an increase temperature on the red cabbage fades the purple of these discs and they become more and more faded while the colour of the surrounding water inside the test tube becomes darker and darker. This phenomenon purple-blue-green result from that the red cabbage dices have permeable membranes losing the permeability of their cell membranes. If the temperature goes against what the membranes can withstand, the permeability of membranes increases as the protein becomes denatured, the lipid parts of membranes liquefies and the proteins create holes in the fabric, and the membranes fall apart. The high temperature produces an increase in kinetic energy that makes atoms in the protein to vibrate and move more breaking hydrogen and ionic bonds in protein molecules and changing the 3D shape of the system. These proteins are unable to translate substances in and out of the membrane. All the factors lead to the anthocyanin leaking out of the membranes producing a colour in the water surrounding the red cabbage cells (Erik, 2002). The results of investigating the effect of temperature on permeable membranes are largely as predicted. There were several variables that controlled this experiment to make sure the results were comparable. The first major key variable was the size of red cabbage discs. The red cabbage tissue was cut into discs which were used to ensure accuracy by increasing precision in the volume of water. The cylinders should be same for all experiments because the volume of water affected the concentration of the pigment. The second variable was allowing enough time (20 minutes) for colour to be seen. All the test tubes should be left the same and enough time for observations after putting the red cabbage discs into the test tubes. Time altered the effect of the experiment; some tubes had a longer effect than others, more of the pigments in the red cabbage cells will leak out and the pigments in the surrounding water. All the material should be washed very thoroughly after cutting. This process made the experiment more highly accurate, because using water to wash the material meant that impurities were minimised. Possible errors may have arisen during this experiment. Firstly, the procedure at the beginning of the experiment was not correctly followed according to the instructions (Lane, 2010c). For instance, 6 cm3 cold water was measured not accurate, the red cabbage leaf did not wash under running water and using another water bath which resulted from the instruction had not been read carefully and seriously. Secondly, the phenomenons purple-blue-green in this test was a little different from the theory that as the temperature increases, the colour of the surrounding water will become darker (Lane, 2010d). This may stem from much of the red pigment escaping from the discs while heating the red cabbage in the beaker. The result of the higher temperature may have affected this more as a lot of the pigment has already leaked out into the beaker. Another reason may be the concentration of pigment leading to change the stability of the pigment molecule. Thirdly, the time was not sufficient for r epeating the experiment, which made the results less accurate. A future experiment should be improved in follow ways. The instruction should be read carefully and thoroughly, so the experiment can go on logical. Secondly, the temperature should be checked at the start of when the red cabbage was put in the water and at the end of the last minute using a thermometer to maintain the temperature of the heated water. Thirdly, a colorimeter should be provided to measure the amount of light absorbed by solution of each reaction temperature. The higher concentration of anthocyanin means a higher reading on the colorimeter. Fourthly, the experiment should be repeated more times to make sure the results were not obtained by chance or by external factors. In addition, the effect of cooler temperature even under 0à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™ could be tested to observe if the membrane is broken down in a similar way. Conclusion It can be concluded that as the temperature was increased, more of the red pigment leaked out of the permeable membrane. The permeability of the membrane in red cabbages can be damaged by high temperature.

Who are the People rating movies? Essays -- Essays Papers

Who are the People rating movies? Parents can determine if they want to allow their children to watch certain movies by using the film rating system. The film rating system went into effect on November 1, 1968. Even though the decision of whether or not to use the film rating system is voluntary, the vast majority of theaters in The United States enforce the Classification and Rating Administration’s guidelines. This was a voluntary system sponsored by the Motion Picture Association of America and the National Association of Theatre Owners. The Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) was founded in 1922 as membership-based business association of the American film industry. At first, the Motion Picture Association of America had the responsibility of combating the waves of criticism of American movies. In addition, the Association worked to reestablish a positive view from the public for the motion picture business. Since the 1920s, the Motion Picture Association of America has grown to reflect the change of the expanding industry. The film rating system was also sponsored by the National Association of Theatre Owners. This association is the largest exhibition trade organization in the world. It represents 26,000 movie screens in all 50 states and in more than 20 countries worldwide. The National Association of Theatre Owners’ purpose is â€Å"to preserve, enhance, and promote the magic of going to the movies.† The Film Rating Board of the Classification and Rating Administration are the individuals who rate films. They view each film and discuss how it should be rated. They attempt to rate a film according to how they believe parents would rate the movie. Written by Aaro... ...Entertainment Group. (2003). Who enforces the ratings? Movie Ratings Q&A. Retrieved February 10, 2004, http://www.regalcinemas. com/movies/ratings.html The Associated Press (2003, July 7). K.C. movie theater starts enforcing new age policies: Cinemark palace bans children younger than six. Retrieved February 20, 2004, from http://www.lawrence.com/news/ entertainment/story/123581 The birth of the ratings. (2000). Retrieved March 26, 2004, from http://www.mpaa.org The Classification & Rating Administration (2000). Reasons for movie ratings. Retrieved March 3, 2004, from http://www.filmratings.com Topher composite godzilla movie ratings. (1998-2000). Retrieved February 13, 2004, from www.lavasurfer.com/godzilla/topher-zilla-ratings.html What do ratings mean & who applies them. (2004). Retrieved February 13, 2004, from http://entertainment.howstuffworks.com

Malaria Essay -- essays research papers fc

Malaria Malaria parasites have been with us since the beginning of time, and fossils of mosquitoes up to thirty million years old show that malaria’s vector has existed for just as long. The parasites causing malaria are highly specific, with man as the only host and mosquitoes as the only vector. Every year, 300,000,000 people are affected by malaria, and while less than one percent of these people die, there are still an estimated 1,500,000 deaths per year. While Malaria was one of the first infectious diseases to be treated successfully with a drug, scientist are still looking for a cure or at least a vaccination today (Cann, 1996). Though many people are aware that malaria is a disease, they are unaware that it is life threatening, kills over a million people each year, and is a very elusive target for antimalarial drugs (Treatment of Malaria, 1996). Being a very specific disease, malaria is caused by only four protozoal parasites: Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale, and Plasmodium malariae. Not only is the disease specific, but the parasites are too, with only 60 of 380 species of female Anopheles mosquitoes as vectors. With the exception of Plasmodia Malariae which may affect other primates, all parasites of malaria have only one host, Homo sapiens. Because some mosquitoes contain substances toxic to Plasmodium in their cells, not all species of mosquitoes are vectors of Plasmodium. Although very specific, malaria still causes disruption of over three hundred million people worldwide each year (Cann, 1996). The life cycle of the parasite causing malaria exists between two organisms, humans and the Anopheles mosquito. When a female mosquito bites a human, she injects an anticoagulant saliva which keeps the human bleeding and ensures an even flowing meal for her. When the vector injects her saliva into the human, it also injects ten percent of her sporozoite load. Once in the bloodstream, the Plasmodium travel to the liver and reproduce by asexual reproduction. These liver cells then burst releasing the parasites back into the bloodstream where they then enter red blood cells. Here, the Plasmodium feed on hemoglobin and reproduce again by asexual reproduction. Afterwards, the red blood cells burst and release the parasites. Some of the para... ...ion people annually. As the Plasmodium parasites mutate more and more to resist the effect of antimalarials, it becomes harder for scientist to find a cure (Treatment of Malaria, 1996). Over forty percent of the world’s population still at risk from this deadly disease, is yearning for a cheap, effective vaccine (Cann, 1996). Bibliography Dr. Cann, Alan J. PhD., "The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute Malaria Database", 1996, http://www.wehi.edu.au/biology/malaria/who.html. Graham, David, "Malaria-Proof Mosquitoes," Technology Review, October 1996, Vol. 99, Issue 7, p20-22, MAS FullTEXT ELITE, Nancy Guinn Library. Herman, Robert, "Malaria," New Groliers Multimedia Encyclopedia, Copywrite 1996. "Atovaquone and Proguanil for Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria," Lancet, June 1, 1996, Vol. 347, Issue 9014, p1511-1515, MAS FullTEXT ELITE, Nancy Guinn Library. "Limited Imagination," Economist, September 28, 1996, Vol. 340, Issue 7985, p80- 82, MAS FullTEXT ELITE, Nance Guinn Library. "Treatment of Malaria," New England Journal of Medicine, September 12, 1996, Vol. 335, Issue 11, p800-807, MAS FullTEXT ELITE, Nancy Guinn Library.

Nurse Practitioner

Yaidelyn Alonso SLS1125: Matos 4/20/12 Nurses: â€Å"Caring Today For A Healthier Tomorrow† Growing up in a house hold of medical personnel, such as my mother and my aunt and other close relatives has really inspired me to become a Nurse Practitioner, but most of all my inspiration has come due to the death of my father. I want to help patients who may have false hope, who may think that there’s nothing anyone can do, I want to give patients hope, and I will devote my life to make a difference in the medical field.Although it won’t be easy, I know there will be obstacles I have to overcome, I think anything is possible if you persevere and if you commit yourself to do something that you love. At the end of the day you made at least one person’s life more enjoyable and filled them with hope, that’s what I’ll be thinking every night before I lay my head on my pillow. A Nurse Practitioner is a registered nurse with advanced training in diagnosin g and treating illnesses. Nurse Practitioners prescribe medication which usually RN’s cannot do, as well as treat illnesses, and administer physical exams.The difference between an NP and a physician is that they focus on prevention, wellness and education. To be more specific Nurse Practitioners may specialize in either Neonatal Care with new born and baby’s or Geriatric Health, Adult Health, Oncology, Family Health and Psychiatric/Mental Health. Personally I love trauma centers and the Emergency Room, I’m quick on my feet and I do not like standing around, I like a job that challenges me and keeps me occupied.As a Nurse Practitioner you can sub-specialize in different areas and lately I’ve been very interested in Oncology. To be very brief my father passed away due to cancer in his liver, I want to help and provide my utmost help to those with cancer like his, I want to make someone’s day a little brighter no matter how sick they really feel. I d on’t just want to be a healthcare personnel I want to be the difference in someone’s life, I want patients to have faith in me because I won’t fail to care to there every need.In order to become an NP there’s certain qualifications you need to abide by and of course you first must finish you AA and your bachelors in Registered Nursing. As a current student in Miami Dade College I’ve researched and spoke with counselors that have guided me into the classes I must take to even get into the nursing program. Such as the basics chemistry and human growth and development, as well as Anatomy 1 and Anatomy 2, it’s not just taking the classes but about passing them with extraordinary grades and graduate with your AA and a really good GPA.After graduating with my AA I plan to transfer to FIU and further my studies, they have a great Nursing program, as soon as I graduate with my bachelors degree I will continue to get my masters and broaden my knowled ge in my studies. To be a nurse practitioner, you need to have a graduate degree, such as a Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) or Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP). The current minimum education needed to work as a Nurse Practitioner is a MSN degree, which takes 3-4 years to complete, depending on your specialty.Many colleges and universities prefer you have a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) for entry into this graduate program, while other schools allow a bachelor's degree in another field if you are a registered nurse. In further detail In order to become an oncology nurse specialist, I will need to learn specific cancer care skills through coursework, clinical practice or continuing education. After gaining enough knowledge and on-the-job experience, I then can take an exam to become an Oncology Certified Nurse.To become an oncology nurse practitioner, I will also need to complete a  Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) degree, typically obtained through a 2-year program of g raduate study. As an oncology nurse practitioner, I will need at least 500 hours of supervised clinical practice in oncology to be eligible to take the certification examination to become an Advanced Oncology Certified Nurse Practitioner (AOCNP). Certification is required in many states such as Florida. As with all  nursing careers, the demand for oncology nurses practitioner is expected to increase significantly over the next ten years.This is especially true because the vast majority of cancers are diagnosed in people over 55, making oncology nurses critically necessary! The median expected salary for a typical  Nurse Practitioner  in the  United States  is  $90,531. Nursing is an art: and if it is to be made an art, It requires an exclusive devotion as hard a preparation, as any painter's or sculptor's work; for what is the having to do with dead canvas or dead marble, compared with having to do with the living body, the temple of God's spirit? It is one of the Fine A rts: I had almost said, the finest of Fine Arts. – Florence Nightingale Nurse Practitioner Yaidelyn Alonso SLS1125: Matos 4/20/12 Nurses: â€Å"Caring Today For A Healthier Tomorrow† Growing up in a house hold of medical personnel, such as my mother and my aunt and other close relatives has really inspired me to become a Nurse Practitioner, but most of all my inspiration has come due to the death of my father. I want to help patients who may have false hope, who may think that there’s nothing anyone can do, I want to give patients hope, and I will devote my life to make a difference in the medical field.Although it won’t be easy, I know there will be obstacles I have to overcome, I think anything is possible if you persevere and if you commit yourself to do something that you love. At the end of the day you made at least one person’s life more enjoyable and filled them with hope, that’s what I’ll be thinking every night before I lay my head on my pillow. A Nurse Practitioner is a registered nurse with advanced training in diagnosin g and treating illnesses. Nurse Practitioners prescribe medication which usually RN’s cannot do, as well as treat illnesses, and administer physical exams.The difference between an NP and a physician is that they focus on prevention, wellness and education. To be more specific Nurse Practitioners may specialize in either Neonatal Care with new born and baby’s or Geriatric Health, Adult Health, Oncology, Family Health and Psychiatric/Mental Health. Personally I love trauma centers and the Emergency Room, I’m quick on my feet and I do not like standing around, I like a job that challenges me and keeps me occupied.As a Nurse Practitioner you can sub-specialize in different areas and lately I’ve been very interested in Oncology. To be very brief my father passed away due to cancer in his liver, I want to help and provide my utmost help to those with cancer like his, I want to make someone’s day a little brighter no matter how sick they really feel. I d on’t just want to be a healthcare personnel I want to be the difference in someone’s life, I want patients to have faith in me because I won’t fail to care to there every need.In order to become an NP there’s certain qualifications you need to abide by and of course you first must finish you AA and your bachelors in Registered Nursing. As a current student in Miami Dade College I’ve researched and spoke with counselors that have guided me into the classes I must take to even get into the nursing program. Such as the basics chemistry and human growth and development, as well as Anatomy 1 and Anatomy 2, it’s not just taking the classes but about passing them with extraordinary grades and graduate with your AA and a really good GPA.After graduating with my AA I plan to transfer to FIU and further my studies, they have a great Nursing program, as soon as I graduate with my bachelors degree I will continue to get my masters and broaden my knowled ge in my studies. To be a nurse practitioner, you need to have a graduate degree, such as a Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) or Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP). The current minimum education needed to work as a Nurse Practitioner is a MSN degree, which takes 3-4 years to complete, depending on your specialty.Many colleges and universities prefer you have a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) for entry into this graduate program, while other schools allow a bachelor's degree in another field if you are a registered nurse. In further detail In order to become an oncology nurse specialist, I will need to learn specific cancer care skills through coursework, clinical practice or continuing education. After gaining enough knowledge and on-the-job experience, I then can take an exam to become an Oncology Certified Nurse.To become an oncology nurse practitioner, I will also need to complete a  Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) degree, typically obtained through a 2-year program of g raduate study. As an oncology nurse practitioner, I will need at least 500 hours of supervised clinical practice in oncology to be eligible to take the certification examination to become an Advanced Oncology Certified Nurse Practitioner (AOCNP). Certification is required in many states such as Florida. As with all  nursing careers, the demand for oncology nurses practitioner is expected to increase significantly over the next ten years.This is especially true because the vast majority of cancers are diagnosed in people over 55, making oncology nurses critically necessary! The median expected salary for a typical  Nurse Practitioner  in the  United States  is  $90,531. Nursing is an art: and if it is to be made an art, It requires an exclusive devotion as hard a preparation, as any painter's or sculptor's work; for what is the having to do with dead canvas or dead marble, compared with having to do with the living body, the temple of God's spirit? It is one of the Fine A rts: I had almost said, the finest of Fine Arts. – Florence Nightingale

Migration and the Gender Roles Essay

In this paper I will analyze the research and data devoted to the issue of migration and changing gender roles; I will investigate the dynamics of the gender roles within the families on the move. Undoubtedly, migration has a significant influence on gender roles and the construction of gender identities. The first important trend is connected with the new role of women. Migration breaks the traditional way of life, so women become more independent and self-responsible. Within the family migrant women also imposes their new gender roles. Parvati Raghuram states that migration leads to â€Å"critique of patriarchy† (Raghuram 2004) on the larger scale. Bertil Egero in the preface to Lisa Eklund’s study of the migration inside China refers to migrating women as to the,â€Å" pioneers also in terms of the gender role models they represent, a sharp break with the traditional subordinated roles of rural women. † (Eklund 1999) This trend gradually evolves into the second phenomenon associated with the balance of power within families on the move. Smits, Mulder and Hooimeijer state that joint decision-making requires equal power balance within couples. Their data from the mid-nineties Netherlands shows that men are becoming tied stayers, while women are tied movers in the modern society. This view is supported by Keith Halfacree, who states that tied migration, â€Å"has been shown to have a clear gender dimension; it is usually the female migrant who is ‘tied’†¦[but] labour migration will become ‘de-gendered’. † (Halfacree 2004) More equality and higher responsibility of both partners is noted within the families on the move. I consider that my outlook and personal position couldn’t bias my interpretation significantly. I analyses the data and research papers attentively and objectively. Still, I believe women becoming more independent to be a positive trend and consequence of migration. But I must admit that gender roles are the cornerstone of every cultural tradition, so Westernization of migrant families can jeopardize cultural diversity. References Eklund, L. 1999. Gender roles and female labour migration — a qualitative field study of female migrant workers in Beijing.PROP Report No 29 www. soc. lu. se/prop/LisaEklund. PDF Smits J. , Mulder C. H. , Hooimeijer P. Changing Gender Roles, Shifting Power Balance and Long-distance Migration of Couples. Urban Studies, March 2003 Halfacree, K. Untying migration completely: de-gendering or radical transformation? Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Jan 2004 Raghuram, P. The difference that skills make: gender, family migration strategies and regulated labour markets. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Jan 2004.

The News of the World Phone Hacking Scandal

The News of the World Phone Hacking Scandal from Business Ethics and CSR Point of View Date: 21 June 2012 Executive Summary The focus of the project you’re about to read is on the recently phone hacking scandal of famous UK News agency, – The News of The World. The report include a brief explanation of what has happened based on pre-selected online articles, analysis of the scandal from Business Ethics point of view by using various CSR theories discussed during the CSR course in period four and provides conclusion and recommendations on what could have been done.The research is built on identification of the moral problem identification, analysis of the scandal, optional actions which could have been taken to avoid the situation, evaluation of the scandal from business ethics perspective by using business ethics theories. To make sure that the scandal is analyzed realistically the report covers different stakeholder perspectives. Nonetheless, the report addresses one o f the most important scandals of the news industry and aims to handle the issues from Business Ethics and CSR point of view.Contents Introduction3 The News of the World and Phone hacking Scandal background4 1. What the dilemma is about5 2. Stakeholder Analysis6 2. 1. Who acted and who had to act? 6 2. 2. Stakeholder and their interests/actions7 2. 3. Moral values9 3. Theoretical analysis10 3. 2. Sustainability10 3. 3. Ethical Value Judgment11 3. 4. Virtue Ethics (Phone Hacking)12 3. 5. Utilitarianism: Consequentialist approach13 3. 6. Universalism: Deontological approach14 4. Conclusion and recommendations15 Bibliography16 IntroductionThe scandal analyzed within this report is one of the most discussed and complicated scandals the news world has ever faced. In order to be able to realistically present company and adequately evaluate this whistle blowing journalistic research which revealed the greatest journalistic scandal ever the following criterion were used: * Business Aspect of the scandal * Moral aspect of the issue and public reaction * Political aspect of the problem * Ethical theoretical relevancy * Social elements of the scandalAll the gathered data is analyzed according to the theoretical knowledge gained during the course. Company Mission Statement: †Our practice is the fearless advocacy of truth. [We] will seek for the patronage of no party †¦will conceal neither the merits nor the faults of any party, but†¦ will aim alone at doing good service to old England by maintaining her glory and security, the prosperity of all classes of the people. † (Hinton. (2011). After 168 years, what changed?. Available: http://hintonandco. com/tag/mission-statement/. Last accessed 14 June 2012. This in itself is a very powerful mission statement which was left as an inheritance from the company’s founding fathers. After 168 years they first have been in business, the staff were empowered by these powerful words. The culture that was ini tially â€Å"advocated for truth† was left to run uncontrolled even if it was for the cost of breaking the law. The News of the World and Phone hacking Scandal background For the first time being published in 1843 the News of the World was one of the most read Newspaper in the United Kingdom, until 2011.During the period of its publication it was the biggest selling English language newspaper not only in the UK but also globally. The company initially was established by John Browne Bell in 1843 and later was sold to Lascelles Carr in 1891 and last was bought by News Corporation in 1969. News of the World was the Sunday sister paper of The Sun. The newspaper main focus was on its specialty on celebrity-based scoops and populist news. Its â€Å"extraordinary† scandal news earned the company various names, including but not limited to famous News of the Screws and Screws of the World slogan. UK: BBC. (2011). News of the World to close amid hacking scandal. Available: www. bbc. co. uk/news/uk-14070733. Last accessed 14 June 2012. ) The company was famous for exposing celebrities as drug users, sexual peccadilloes, or criminals, setting up insiders and journalists in disguise to provide either video or photographic evidence, and phone hacking which became obvious in 2011. With its paparazzi style and delivering personalized news, the paper was selling over 2 million copies on weekly basis up until 2010.Though the phone hacking allegations started back in 2006, accusations reached to its top level on the 4th of July 2011, when it was revealed that the newspaper staff had intercepted and deleted the voicemail of missing British teenager Milly Dowler, who was later found murdered. As a result of the intense allegations News International announced the closure of the newspaper on July the 7th 2011. However the scandal did not just end there by closing the company, it got deepened as the investigations got intensive.The most horrible news was that the comp any had hacked the phones of the British service personnel killed in action, their families, people who died during 9/11 and their families. However ethical dilemmas do not just end by the phone hacking scandal, but also secondary dilemma starts with the speech of the owner of the News Corp. Richard Murdoch’s announcement on February the 17th 2012 in London that they were soon to launch a Sunday edition of The Sun as a successor to the News of the World and they were planning to employ a number of former News of the World journalists. . What the dilemma is about When the investigations initially started in 2005 it was concluded that the company’s phone hackings were only limited to celebrities, politicians and a few members of the British Royal Family. However when it was revealed in July 2011, that the phones of the murdered schoolgirl Milly Dowler’s , relatives of deceased military members, victims of the 7/7 London bombings and some of the 9/11 victims were a lso accessed. As a result of those unethical actions a public outcry against News Corporation and owner Rupert Murdoch culminated. (UK: BBC. 2011). News of the World to close amid hacking scandal. Available: www. bbc. co. uk/news/uk-14070733. Last accessed 14 June 2012. ) Even though the public relatively calmed down after the company was closed, the anti-Murdoch and anti-News Corp. protests culminated once again after the owner of the company announced that they are planning to start a new newspaper agency by hiring the same staff under different name. 1. Stakeholder Analysis 2. 1. Who acted and who had to act? Phone hacking scandal covered multi level stakeholders. The following were the major stakeholders:In this case the main responsible stakeholders were the News Corp Management, Richard Murdoch; – the owner of the company and the British Government/monitoring institutions within the government. These stakeholders were legally responsible for making it sure that the news paper was operating within the legal borders. Once the company was suspected for its fraud activities the governmental institutions did their job by starting an investigation on the newspaper’s operations. However these institutions did fail to monitor the newspaper activities prior to the scandal.Both the News Corp. and the owner of the company, Richard Murdoch claimed not to be knowledgeable of those hacking activities, however they did apologize those harmed as a result of hacking activities and subsequently shut the company down. Meanwhile, the holding company did fail their promises when they announced about their plans of re-starting the newspaper’s successor under different name. 2. 2. Stakeholder and their interests/actions The stakeholders given in the stakeholder map can be divided into two: * Internal * ExternalThe following could be classified as internal stakeholders: 1. The News of the World: It was in the newspapers objective to deliver interesting news at on weekly basis. The company was profit oriented and would do almost everything to achieve its targets. They also had the campaign to expose pedophiles rings rather hollow. That was a dangerous path to go on: we could imagine them asking the question, ‘Will this sell us lots of copies? ’, and if the answer is ‘Yes’, they would do it, no matter if it’s illegal, immoral or indefensible.The culture that was initially â€Å"advocated for truth† was left to run uncontrolled even if it was for the cost of breaking the law. 2. The NotW management: The management had the responsibility to make strategic decisions to run the company profitably. It was in their interest to give the staff as much independence as possible to bring the most sensational news in the news industry. However it was also their responsibility to make sure that the staff’s actions were within the legal boundaries. 3. The staff/journalists: The employees’ main duti es were delivering the news that no other paper delivered.However it was morally their responsibility to act responsibly. 4. Richard Murdoch: It was in his focus that the company was profitable. It was also him as primary responsible person when the company was subject to investigations. He was the one apologizing in public on behalf of the newspaper, which created a good image of the company in short term. However, his announcement about new company being launched again put the News Corp. as holding company in the frontline subject to criticisms. 5. The NOTW shareholders: This group of the stakeholders was the people who invested in the NOTW.It was in their interest that the company was profitable and was running that way continuously. It was definitely out of their focus that the company was engaged such harmful activities. The external stakeholders: 1. The UK government/regulatory institutions: It was government’s/regulatory institutions duty to check the activities of the newspaper and act upon necessity. 2. David Cameroon: The prime minister was criticized for his former director of communications Andy Coulson was an ex-editor of News of the World at the time much of the phone hacking occurred. (Luke Buckmaster and Amber Jamieson. 2011). ‘Hacked to death’: Murdoch kills NotW. Available: http://www. crikey. com. au/2011/07/08/the-latest-24-hours-of-the-NotW-phone-hacking-scandal/. Last accessed 14 June 2012. ) 3. Victims: The victims who were alive or the relatives of the victims were interested in NotW management’s apalogizes. 4. New industry: The industry got harmed by one representative’s action, and the eyes turned towards other news agencies asking one question â€Å"Are they also using same or similar method? † 5. The community: The majority was interested in NotW to apologize and even shut down.However there were small group of people who could potentially be against these and these people were majorly the No tW employees or their relatives. In addition, the community was the main reason why the company did those actions as the demand was very high for such news. The dilemma in the case which makes the stakeholder interests collide: * The NotW company interests for higher profitability * The NotW management objective to bring news at any cost * Possible corruption within the government * High level of public demand for scandal newsSumming it up, there are over 10 major stakeholders being divided into two parts, internal and external stakeholders. However the most interesting part is that some of the stakeholders have mixed interests. For instance, the government who used the information provided by the newspaper, used and sought more news without checking the source of the news and later on accusing the NotW for fraud. In addition, the community who which was the main drive for the hacking due to the demand also had mixed interest levels. 2. 3. Moral values The question â€Å"What is Mo ral† in itself is debatable.However one can accept that moral values are values shared by the majority. If there would not have been any value in common in the community, it would be impossible or extremely hard to decide on what is moral. In fact, one can see that some values are shared with higher acceptance late than others. The phone hacking scandal covers various moral values’ elements: * Responsibility * Accountability * Cooperation * Honesty * Commitment * Integrity * Equality The actions taken by all the stakeholders must meet at least one of the above given elements in order to be considered moral. 2. Theoretical analysis . 1. Carroll’s Pyramid Based on Carroll’s pyramid a company has four levels of responsibility which are Economic, Legal, Ethical and Philanthropic responsibilities. Analyzing the NotW’s overall operational structure we can conclude that their major focus was on Economic responsibility, making more profit in shortest time p ossible. Their mission statement did touch Legal and Ethical responsibilities as well, however it was not very much clear what their major Ethical responsibilities were. They tried to create ethically responsible image of the company by donating money and hosting charity events.However this in itself was not enough. One can conclude that NotW was settled at the base line of the Carroll’s pyramid. 3. 4. Sustainability Evaluating the NotW from sustainability curves point of view one can spot the target of the management. 1- Ethical Responsibility: The company website and their PR representatives always mentioned that their mission is to bring reliable and honest news. While they were often giving large money donations for good cause. However for the concept of the Phone Hacking Scandal, we can say that one action overcame all the â€Å"Ethical† actions of the company. – Economic Responsibility: This was the main responsibility of the company as they were the large st selling English Language newspaper of the world. 3- Legal Responsibility: The company and the staff were held legally responsible for their actions however the management did not act legally responsible prior to the scandal outbreak. Summing it up we can conclude that the company did not meet all the sustainability elements and lacked sound CSR policy. 3. 5. Ethical Value Judgment We inherit ethical standards suiting our community the most.As people, the companies are as well judged upon firm views about right and wrong. Some of those ethical views are so strong that, shaking them will shake the whole fundamentals. Reliability and trust are those of major elements in these ethical standards that any news company would be judged upon. Looking at the NotW, we can confirm that, the company not only ignored the prevailing norms of the industry but also shook the fundaments of the ethical expectations from a news agency. (James Griffin (2006). Value Judgment Improving Our Ethical Beli eves. 2nd ed.New York, the USA: Oxford University Press. p 60- 98. ) However finally the management took the right psychological decision by stopping the company operations. NotW NotW Phone Hacking Scandal Prevailing norms of News industry Value judgments and perceptions of the audiance ETHICAL? 3. 6. Virtue Ethics (Phone Hacking) â€Å"Virtue ethics† is shortly the development of a person or a company into an ethically responsible one to lead ethical and responsible life/operations. To achieve that level it is important to develop responsible character traits which are called virtues.In Phone Hacking Scandal both the government and the management had to determine specific virtues and play the role of Virtue Ethics Agent. Based on virtue ethics, to determine whether an action is morally acceptable, the action must be chosen responsibly making the virtue equal to responsibility. In most of the case the agent must choose the virtue on the victim and help them. We could see that the British Government acted virtuously and increased the investigation on the hacking scandal, which eventually lead to the end of the NotW.This is mostly due to the fact that NotW as a company lacked major news agency virtues which are being trustworthy, reliable, and honest and one can conclude that the government played an important virtue agent role. 3. 7. Utilitarianism: Consequentialist approach According to the consequentialists it is morally right to do anything if it results in the greatest amount of good for the greatest amount of people. However the main issue becomes the consequence of the theory which would allow any action to take place under the name of a good cause. Even actions hat would be considered as â€Å"morally wrong† can be accepted within this theory. However according to the utilitarianism, the NotW has created more harm in the community than benefit by hacking people’s private voice mails and, for this reason they are considered to be guil ty for taking morally wrong actions. Looking at from different perspective, if the scandal was not found out, and people enjoyed reading the hacked news, one could say that as long as nobody finds it out, everybody is happy, the consequence is good. Happy & satisfied customer, revenue generating company, taxes received at the government, positive consequence.Once again it is confirmed that this theory can not clearly formulate satisfactory rules for decision making and can easily breach justice/legislation. For the above given reason, one could conclude that the Utilitarianism is not the best way of assessing an action by means of morality. 3. 8. Universalism: Deontological approach Kant's deontological ethics theory is based on Deon – duty. If the scandal is approached from Kant's categorical imperative principle point of view, we can conclude that it is the duty of any News Agency to deliver the news to its customers within the given standards without violating the otherâ⠂¬â„¢s private lives.Since this theory is built on the actions that lead to the outcome, then we can conclude that it was not only the NotW but also the regulatory institutions who acted immoral by not monitoring the NotW properly and providing the ground for the company to take such actions. 3. Conclusion and recommendations Failing almost every Ethical Theory, not having sound CSR system, being majorly financials’ oriented firm, the News of the World’s Phone Hacking activities were completely against not only the British Business ethical standards but also the international ethical standards.The NotW management had various mistakes, including but not limited to giving power to their staff without monitoring them on according to the standards. Which consequently lead for the largest scandal of the news industry. However, the management did take the right step by announcing the NotW closed which created a caring image in the community, and saved the holding News Corp. company. Meanwhile, Mr. Murdoch’s announcement of News Corp. launching a new successor of the NotW created more aggression within the public. The following would be final recommendations for the News Corp. s the NotW is no longer exists: 1- Give your staff power, but do not let the aggression take their power over 2- Corporate Social Responsibility is not donations, but acting. After such incident, the management should start different volunteer activities not only in the UK but also the other parts of the globe. 3- Define a sound CSR policy covering both your internal and external activities 4- Add learning objectives which you have acquired and which you are missing from your mal-management to your website to let your customers understand that you are aware of your mistake and have learnt from it. – Do not hide your history 6- Engage with your customers via different tools, including but not limited to Social Media means and ask for their opinions where they would li ke to see you as a company. 7- Make sure that you have decent reporting system set, and are on track of every single development within the company. Realizing the above given recommendations, the News Corp. will slowly, however soundly be restoring the customer confidence and rise back to their previous levels once again. Bibliography * http://www. bbc. co. uk/news/uk-14070733 * http://www. crikey. com. u/2011/07/08/the-latest-24-hours-of-the-NotW-phone-hacking-scandal/. * http://www. csrquest. net/default. aspx? articleID=12770&heading= * http://www. ec. europa. eu/enterprise/policies/sustainable-business/corporate-social-responsibility/reporting-disclosure/swedish-presidency/files/media-csr/corporate_responsibilty_and_the_media,_david_grayson_en. pdf * http://www. goodcorporation. com/documents/Corporatesocialresponsibilitymorethanaluxury. pdf * http://www. guardian. co. uk/news/blog/2011/jul/11/news-world-hacking-scandal-live * http://www. guardian. co. uk/sustainable-business/bl og/csr-now-hacking-scandal *

Crime Scene Essay

In an organized step by step approach â€Å"Scene Documentation† is one of the stages in the proper processing of a crime scene. The final results of a properly documented crime scene are the ability of others to take the finished product to use in either reconstructing the scene or the chain of events in an incident and our court room presentation. In documenting the scene there are actually three functions or methods used to properly document the crime scene. Those methods consist of written notes which will ultimately be used in constructing a final report, crime scene photographs, and a diagram or sketch. Consistency between each of these functions is paramount. Each method is important in the process of properly documenting the crime scene. The notes and reports should be done in a chronological order and should include no opinions, no analysis, or any conclusions; just the facts. The crime scene investigator or evidence recovery technician should document what they see, not what they think. The final report should tell a descriptive and factual story. A general description of the crime scene should be given just as the investigator sees it when she does the initial walk through of the scene. Each department or agency has a method which they use will for written documentation of the crime scene. There investigator or technician should follow her departments assigned procedures for written documentation. The importance of sharing information can never be over-looked. This article is intended to share ideas in the area of uniform documentation as an example of the format that is used by my department. We use a narrative section of the report divided it into five categories. The categories are the summary, the scene including a detailed body description if in a death investigation, processing, and evidence collected, and the pending that may be collected at another date or time. The summary would to basically give the details of how he was initiated into the investigation. For an example: â€Å"At the request of Robbery Detective H. Granier, this writer was requested to respond to assist in processing the scene of an armed robbery involving 4 unknown masked subjects. Detective H. Granier’s preliminary investigation revealed that the subjects startled the victim as she returned home from shopping†. For further details of this investigation refer to Detective H. Granier. Our summary is brief and does not include a lot of the said information  (http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/unavailable/) The investigator in charge should obtain the following for the crime scene case file: 1. Initial responding officer documentation. 2. Emergency medical personnel documents. 3. Entry and exit documentation. 4. Photographs and any videos. 5. Crime scene sketches and diagrams. 6. Evidence documentation. 7. Other responders’ documentation. 8. Record of consent form or search warrant. 9. Criminal background check Reports such as forensic or technical reports should be added to this file when they become available. This will ensure that reports and other documentation pertaining to the crime scene investigation are compiled into a case file by the investigator in charge of the crime scene and allow for independent review of the work conducted. In the scene section of the narrative we should give a detailed description of the scene as it is seen when we approach the area. The scene description usually includes anything that is unusual and out of place. Any weather or environment conditions are also included. Again this is a description of what we see, not what we think. The evidence that should observe is: its location, the condition, or anything about the item will be included in our scene description section. This would also correspond to any identification markers used to number or label the items of evidence. These remarks would all be consistent with any numbers, letters, or labels indicated in the photographs, or drawn into a sketch of the scene (http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/unavailable/). The processing section is for our units to describe what we did, if assistance was needed during the processing stages, who we had assisting, and what functions they did. The evidence collection section is to organize what evidence we and others assisting were able to recover from the crime scene, where the items were recovered from, and what part of the lab the items were  directed to for analysis. Criminal History A Criminal History Summary often referred to as a criminal history record or a â€Å"rap sheet† is a listing of certain information taken from fingerprint submissions retained by the FBI in connection with arrests and, in some instances, federal employment, naturalization, or military service. If no Criminal History Summary on file, the investigator will receive a response indicating that the person has no prior arrest data on file. If the person does have a criminal history Summary on file, you will receive your summary†. Pending Section The pending section would be for any known tasks that would need to be completed at a later date or time in the investigation. What is turned in to the Department? 1. A written report 2. Crime scene photographs 3. Crime scene sketch Crime Scene Example Final Report: Initial Information: Victim Name: Incident Address: Incident Date: Incident Time: Offense Report Date: Victim Information: Victim Name: Victim Address: Height: Weight: Eye Color: Hair Color: Scars: Tattoos: Other: NCIC #: Medical Examiner/Medical Summary: Medical Examiner/Agency: Injuries: Cause of Death: Manner of Death: Crime Scene Summary: Write a narrative about the crime scene. This is a summary of what you observed at the scene. You do not make hypothesis or draw conclusions. Evidence Log Summary: Evidence Number: Description Note: Attach Completed Evidence Collection Log to the end of this report. Image Inventory: Image Number Description Conclusions: Draw conclusions based on the evidence gathered. Be as complete as possible. Note: This list is limited to crime scene documentation. This should not be considered a comprehensive list of the documents involved in an investigative case file In conclusion, the final results of a properly documented crime scene are the ability of others to take the finished product to use in either reconstructing the scene or the chain of events in an incident and our court room presentation.